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Typhoon Hagupit, which was once the strongest typhoon of the year, is making landfall as of 10:15 a.m. ET (9:15 a.m. local time) near the northern edge of the Philippine island of Samar, close to the community of Dolores. The storm is the equivalent of a Category 3 hurricane, with maximum sustained winds of about 125 miles per hour.

Samar was also the landfall location of Super Typhoon Haiyan in 2013, which killed at least 6,000 people, and displaced more than 100,000. However, that storm hit the island's southern edge.

While Typhoon Hagupit, which is also known as Typhoon Ruby in the Philippines, is nowhere near the intensity of Haiyan, its slow forward speed of about 13 miles per hour poses a different threat: flooding. Tropical storms and typhoons can dump incredible amounts of rainfall and rain totals with Hagupit may exceed 2 feet in some places, particularly where winds blow up the slope of mountains, since this can enhance rainfall in a process known as orographic lifting.

Evacuations have been underway since Thursday for parts of Samar, including the city of Tacloban, which Haiyan severely damaged. International aid organizations, from Heifer International to the Red Cross, already have large teams on the ground in Samar that have been assisting with evacuations. They have also been preparing to undertake relief operations once dangerous storm conditions abate. However, It does not appear that Tacloban is taking the brunt of the storm.

Coastal areas of northern Samar are being warned to prepare for a storm surge of 15 feet.

From Samar, the typhoon is predicted to slowly hopscotch across at least five more islands in the Philippines, bringing the risk of flooding, storm surge and high winds all the way to the capital city of Manila.

While the worst of the storm's winds are buffeting Samar, and the storm is in a weakening phase, it will likely remain a formidable typhoon all the way to Manila.

Next to feel the full force of the storm is the island of Masbate, including Masbate City, followed by Romblon, Mandoro and southern portions of Leyte, including low-lying and flood-prone Manila.

Even in the United States, floods are an underemphasized hazard of tropical cyclones, since the high wind and storm surge often get the most attention. However, floods can and do kill many more people, even from weaker storms. This is a particularly high threat in developing countries such as the Philippines, where a rapidly growing population has increased the public's exposure to landslides and other typhoon-related hazards.

Called perfluorotributylamine, the man-made compound has been an unregulated staple in the electrical industry since the mid-20th century. Researchers found it to be the most "radiatively-efficient chemical" to date, which means it is highly efficient in damaging the atmosphere. As these chemicals clog the environment and break down its various layers, they open the doors to global warming, according to a release.

Chemical structure of PFTBA. National Institute of Standards and Technology.

So just how destructive is PFTBA? It dwarfs the impact of carbon dioxide, which is the most important greenhouse gas that results in human-induced climate change.

"PFTBA is extremely long-lived in the atmosphere," said Angela Hong, one of the university researchers, in a release. "Calculated over a 100-year timeframe, a single molecule of PFTBA has the equivalent climate impact as 7,100 molecules of CO2."

However, the current concentration of PFTBA is almost nonexistent when compared with that of carbon dioxide.

Drew Shindell, a climatologist at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, told The Guardian, "This is a warning to us that this gas could have a very very large impact on climate change -– if there were a lot of it. Since there is not a lot of it now, we don't have to worry about it at present, but we have to make sure it doesn't grow and become a very large contributor to global warming."

Since there aren't any known ways to destroy PFTBA in the lower atmosphere, its lifespan can stretch to hundreds of years until it is eventually destroyed in the upper atmosphere.